PREPOSITION IN, ON, AND AT

 The prepositions in, on, and at can be used to indicate time and place. Notice how they are used in the following situations:

Preposition	Time	Place
In	Year, Month, In 1999, In December	Country, State, City In Japan, In Utah, InTaipei
On	Day, Date On Saturday, On May 1	Street On Main Street, On 1st Ave.
At	Time At 8:00, At 7:30	Address At 815 East Main Street

VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

Vocabulary

PARTS OF THE HOUSE

HOUSE

room balcony bathroom bedroom dining room living room sitting room garage kitchen basement cellar attic study toilet door doorbell doormat letter box window roof chimney staircase/stairs flat (GB) apartment (US)

Simple Future

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I will sing

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.

How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	main verb
		invariable		base
		will		V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	will		open	the door.
+	You	will		finish	before me.
-	She	will	not	be	at school tomorrow.
-	We	will	not	leave	yet.
?	Will	you		arrive	on time?
?	Will	they		want	dinner?

Modals in the past form

Modals in the past form

Modals
present	Past
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

1. Could + Verb base

        ô  to offer suggestions or possibilities

                Example:           Patrick                 :  Oh, no! I left my shorts.

                                                Spongebob    : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.

                                                Asmi                    : I’m having trouble with English.

                                                Randah               : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.

Asking if someone remembers or not

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Formal expressions:

Ø I wonder if you remember.....

Ø You remember...., don’t you?

Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?

Ø Don’t you remember.....?

Ø Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:

Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.

Ø I remember especially the scenery.

Ø I’ll never forget that

Ø I’ll always remember.

Ø I can remember it clearly.

Asking Information

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There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Do you happen to know...?
• I'd like to know...
• Could you find out...?
• I'm interested in...
• I'm looking for.. 

Finite Verb

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A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.

 he finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

Noun Phase

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A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)

Example 1:

Adit: Do you like books?

Nizam   : Yes, I like them.

Adit: Do you like books over there?

Nizam    : Yes, they are nice.

Adit: Do you like the book I brought yesterday?

Nizam    : Yes, I like it.  (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)

Example 2:

Nicko was late.

(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)

Some noun phrases are short:          The students

Some are long:                                   The very tall education consultant

Structures of noun phrases:

▪         A beautiful old painting on the wall

The structure of this noun phrase contains three sections:

Pre-modifier	Head noun	Post-modifier
A beautiful old	painting	on the wall
A beautiful old	painting	-
-	painting	on the wall

This is the table of the adjectives that are combined with the nouns:

Determiner	Opinion adjectives		Descriptive adjectives						Nouns
	General	specific	size	shape	age	colour	nationality	material
A	Lovely	comfortable	big	-	-	-	-	Wooden	chair
The	Cheap	-	-	-	new	black	German	-	car
			Large	round	-	-	-	metal	table

When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them. You put adjectives in front of the first noun.

Example:  We just spoke with a young American boy.

Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (V_base+ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.

Example:         passing the exam                   watching TV

                        preparing the equipment      sliding down a rope

                        going to school                       diving board